The Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria - Essay Example The gathering is a main worry for U.S policymakers. Boko Haram’s assertion that it has initiated an Islamic caliphate has worked up worldwide worries over the insurgents’ lively climb in Nigeria (Smith, 2014). Policymakers should abstain from ordering Boko Haram as basically another foe in the war against universal fear based oppression. Despite the fact that the group’s exercises are basically nearby, whenever permitted to develop in size, the outcomes could be critical for the whole global framework.  The United States government assigned Boko Haram as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under Executive Order (E.O) 13224 on November 14, 2013 (Smith, 2014). These assignments are a critical advance in the thorough methodology towards countering the effect of Boko Haram. The Boko Haram resistance is an express outcome of constant poor administration from the bureaucratic and state legislatures of Nigeria that has brought about the political underestimation of different districts in Northeast Nigeria (Smith, 2014). The region’s quickening condition of destitution further exacerbates the circumstance. The dissident development has organized a few assaults in the northeastern locale of Nigeria and has gone similar to abducting youthful females (Smith, 2014). The Nigerian government, under the initiative of previous President Jonathan Goodluck, gained constrained ground towards dealing with the political circumstance (Smith, 201 4). The United States remains significantly worried about the circumstance. The United States has strategies set up that bolsters the sharing of data, just as projects planned for providing agreed options in contrast to social orders in danger of radicalization and fear based oppressor enrollment (Smith, 2014). The United States has the momentous limit in its military to secure its government assistance around the world.

The Double Entry System free essay sample

As indicated by the twofold passage bookkeeping framework, a business exchange influences at any rate two records and the charge and credit sums recorded for the influenced accounts must be adjusted. These exchanges will be recorded in the proper books of records. Business substances build up a graph of records, a rundown of record titles with their relating account codes that the business will use in recording and posting in the books of records and in detailing in the fiscal reports. Twofold Entry System was designed just because by Lucas Pacioli’ of Italy in the year 1494 in Venice yet it was created in England. This framework depends on reality that each business exchange includes two .parties†(1) Receiver and (2) Giver. There can not be any business exchange by just one gathering. In the event that one section is provider of anything, there must be one more gathering recipient. In the event that one section is merchant; there must be the other party buys. We will compose a custom article test on The Double Entry System or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Beneficiary of the exchange is account holder and the provider is the loan boss. Along these lines the exchanges occur between two gatherings, as indicated by Double Entry System each exchange is recorded twice. One gathering is the account holder and the other party is provider. Beneficiary is the indebted person and provider is the bank. Exactness of records. The best bit of leeway of Double Entry System is that arithmetical exactness of records can be checked without any problem. Since each exchange is recorded twice, a Trial Balance can be readied and it very well may be known whether every exchange has been accurately recorded twice or not. By applying. Twofold Entry Principle each exchange is recorded twice. Preliminary Balance can without much of a stretch be readied and with the assistance of Trial Balance Trading and Profit and Loss can be handily arranged to find out the gross benefit or gross shortfall or net benefit or overal deficit of the business. Information on Financial Position. Money related situation of the business can be known without any problem. By getting ready Balance Sheet one can recognize what resources are controlled by the business and what liabilities are expected by the business. Odds of misrepresentation small. By applying Double Entry Principles odds of submitting misrepresentation is a lot of limited. In the event that misrepresentation is submitted, it very well may be easilychecked by check and examining of records. †¢Comparison of Expenses†Comparison of costs of the present year with the past can without much of a stretch be made. The arrangement of twofold passage accounting has the capaâ ¬bility of making a positive commitment towards financial development. In spite of the fact that the capacity of twofold passage to uncover the achievement or disappointment of a business venture for a particular time of lime was not esteemed by the early dealers, twofold entrys ability to gather information on singular performing exercises, joined with its capacity to carry request to the issues and records of these shippers, excused the monetary exercises of the early English traders

Word of the Week! Synecdoche Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Synecdoche Richmond Writing Ever wondered why we say The Press today, when so much news is not printed? Its an example of synecdoche. Lee Chaharyn, of URs Collegiate Licensing Special Projects, nominated this excellent word. Though not part of my everyday parlance, it serves a wonderful purpose. I hope to use it; no other word quite fits its meaning. The word reared its head not long ago. In what may soon be forgotten amid a tumult of worse news, a media event involving a Sharpie marker provided a synecdoche for how the Executive Branch of government conducts business. Whatever you thought of that news item, it did bring a worthy word back onto stage. A 15th Century loan-word from Latin,  as the OED puts it, synecdoche occurs when a more inclusive term is used for a less inclusive one or vice versa. Only examples suffice here: Our family represents the nation. (For good or ill) We need more boots on the ground. (Boots stands in for more people in that place) We broke bread together. (I do hope you ate other things). Society is to blame! (All of them? In a Monty Python skit, after a murderer pleads this, a detective replies Agreed. Well be charging them too.) In academic writing, its wise to avoid some examples like the last. They can lead a novice writer into sweeping generalizations such as Society supports stronger protection for minors. I find it hard to believe that 300-million-plus Americans could agree to anything, in 2019. So qualify that claim or be ready to pile on credible evidence. There are few alternatives to our Word of the Week. Its not quite accurate to use microcosm as a synonym for synecdoche, since a microcosm works only one way, showing how something   particular can represent something general, as in the convicted teachers constant drinking served as a microcosm for all the problems at the dysfunctional school. One cannot reverse microcosm as one can for synecdoche, without employing the less-common macrocosm. We might fall back on symbolize to represent how a part can indicate something about a whole, but reversing it, so the gridlock in Congress symbolized the troubles in the Smith family makes no sense. Mr. Smith may have gone to Washington, but. . . Embody might bridge the gap, as in the gridlock in Congress embodied so many smaller problems, yet that use of embody bothers me. Id prefer precision or a different synecdoche. Please send us words and metaphors useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image of printing press courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

The Quaker Culture Values Equality - 1956 Words

As the Quaker culture values equality between the sexes, it is no surprise, while Alice Paul later dismissed the religious aspects of it, the ideals of equality followed her and shaped her life and legacy. Later on, after traveling to Britain and becoming radicalized for the women’s suffrage cause, would return and win women across America the long sought after right to vote. Even then, once she had won, she immediately began work on the Equal Rights Amendment, living to see its passage, but died without seeing it ultimately thrown out due to lack of ratification. Due to her determination and radicalization in 1907, American women now have the right to vote and are now on the path to complete equality. On January 11th, 1885, in the†¦show more content†¦In 1905, Paul graduated from Swarthmore with a Bachelor’s degree in biology. She would be the only Paul child to graduate. In an attempt to broaden her education, she continued with graduate work at the Universit y of Pennsylvania, earning a Master of Arts degree. Through a scholarship, she was then able to travel to Birmingham, England, to study social work, which resulted in her receiving a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in sociology, and by 1928 had acquired three law degrees. While in England, however, she went to listen to Christabel Pankhurst, daughter of Emmeline Pankhurst who was a co-founder of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), of which Alice and her mother had often spoken of. The WSPU was a militant organization fighting for the female vote in Britain. Weeks after the event, in a letter to her mother, she relays that the event was â€Å"worse that what [her and her mother} read about.† According to an interview conducted in her later years, â€Å"The English women were struggling hard to get the vote, and everyone was urged to come in and help.† Soon after she joined, she was asked by Emmeline Pankhurst to go and interview the Prime Min ister. In her own words, the â€Å"interview† went as follows: ’It was a weary vigil,’ she said, ‘but it paid. The Prime Minister made a most eloquent speech, and I listened, waiting for a chance to break in. At last there came a pause. Summoning all my strength, IShow MoreRelatedAlice Paul And The Quaker Family1357 Words   |  6 Pagesfour children, and belong to a Quaker family. The Quaker values that were taught to me as a child will carry into my adult years and my work. The Quakers believed in equality, which became a criterion that guided me through the rest of my life. Along with gender equality, the Quakers believe in the need to work for the betterment of society the importance of staying close to nature, and that all humans are worthy of respect. Some of my fellow suffragists came from a Quaker background, including SarahRead MoreThe Countercultures: Once Pooh-poohed, Now Revered1275 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced the societies of their respective eras. The Quakers, the Harlem Renaissance participants, and the H ippies have had an immense impact on American culture. This impact is especially apparent in the political actions and artä ¸â‚¬audio and visualä ¸â‚¬of the countercultures’ respective times. The Quakers first arrived in North America after facing constant persecution under England’s monarchical government. Led by William Penn, Jr., the Quakers landed in the not-yet-founded colony of Pennsylvania.Read MoreThe Quaker Practice : Spiritual Baptism1401 Words   |  6 PagesThus, being a member of my Quaker in-group involves being prepared to right this particular misconception and also being willing to explain what Quakerism in fact is. This, I think, is what makes Quakers different from most other religious denominations in America—we frequently have to explain who we are and where we came from (what we believe) *What we believe goes better with practices below. This creates a strong sense of group identity, for I have to know and be able to explain my in-group’sRead MoreQuakerism: Practices, Beliefs and Values Essay1780 Words   |  8 PagesResearching for the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers as they are called heavily reminds me of Social Wor k. Their core beliefs and values correlate very closely to Social Work’s own core beliefs and values. For my paper, I will discuss Quakerism, their practices, beliefs, values, and how Quakerism supports human rights and equality. A Brief History The Religious Society of Friends was founded by George Fox during the 1600s in England. The term â€Å"Quaker† was given to the group as a way to ridiculeRead MoreCaptain Ahab Had A Wife, By Lisa Norling1715 Words   |  7 Pagesideas of chapter one by exploring how Quaker belief and discipline; understanding of love, marriage, and family; and the organization of social life on Nantucket accommodated the rhythms and stresses of the fishery (14). The chapter begins by describing the simple Quaker life style and Society of Friends, founded in 1709, which was a group of Quakers in Nantucket. The Quakers developed â€Å"The Discipline†, a collection of rules to guide meetings and govern Quaker conduct, and held regular meetings, separatedRead MoreCadbury Takeover2620 Words   |  11 Pagesorganization of the company, which has affected employees values amongst the other factors. This assignment will be looking into various details of changes in employees values as well as relationships and overall changes of the work ethics. Comparison of employment values before the takeover: Quakers found Cadbury in 1824 in Birmingham. Quakers, also known as â€Å"Religious Society of Friends†, is a Christian movement that believes in equality of people, this creates strong moral ethical behaviorRead MoreThe Fight For Black Civil Rights1248 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica is unfortunately once again significant, however this time in reference to marriage equality in Australia. The failure of the law to allow all couples regardless of sex to marry, and furthermore refusal to acknowledge marriages conducted overseas, is a disgrace to the nation supposedly know as accepting of difference and intolerant to discrimination. Among innumerable reasons why marriage equality should be legalized in Australia, a prominent one is that restricting the option to marry anyRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe2224 Words   |  9 Pagesto own themselves. While Eliza and Harry are escaping, they united with her husband, George Harris. However, they are being targeted by a slave hunter, Tom Loker, during a fight George shot Loker, and Eliza convinced him to send Loker to a nearby Quaker Church, so that Loker can survive. After Tom lived with the St. Clares for around a year, and Eva fall ill, and before she passed away, she had a dream about the heaven after sharing the dream with her family, it changed their attitudes; AugustineRead MoreGay Marriage And Equality : An Ethical Issue1289 Words   |  6 PagesGay marriage and equality is an ethical issue that has been debated for years. This is an issue that will continue to be debated until a clear answer as to why it is not socially acceptable is determined. A deontological view has been traditionally applied to the subject of gay marriage and equality. Those who are opposed to same sex marriage take on this view. People do not think that a deontological view will solve the issue of wh ether same sex marriage is right or wrong. However, people who feelRead MorePublic Activities of Women in the Early United States Essay1947 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferences, however, overarching patterns existed, reflecting a common public attitude toward women at the time. Economic opportunities and gender labor division, often informed by cultural values, for women differed depending on the colony and its individual demands and local customs. In some colonies, the labor value of European women was worth more in the New World than at home, meaning that more economic opportunities could be found for women in the early United States; however, female slaves and

Analysis Of The Bhagavad Gita - 1389 Words

THE BHAGAVAD GITA -AN ANALYSIS OF APPROACHING THE ULTIMATE TRUTH AND JHANA YOGA- Abstract In the Bhagavad Gita, the fourth discourse which is composed of forty-two verses, Lord Krishna, the narrator guides Arjuna- a warrior who is finding himself pondering about the simple principles of life while he is fighting the war. In the fourth discourse Arjuna learns from Lord Krishna about faith, wisdom sacrifice, ignorance, doubts of the soul, action and inaction, selfless service, and self-realization which ultimately leads to the ultimate truth, which is the path for the spiritual soul to reach its maximum potential here on earth and the afterlife. This essay will focus on analyzing the ultimate truth while seeing how it coexists with the study and practice of Jhana Yoga. Each of the principles presented in this essay will have an in depth examination. The philosophical and religious as well as human natures are some of the most important themes that will be displayed in this essay. The idea of the materialistic values that is present in everyday life serve as the reason to w hy one cannot know the ultimate truth and how one can overcome this in order to find supreme peace. Karma yoga will be studied as Lord Krishna tells its importance to Arjuna, so he can follow the path of divine fulfillment. The universality of religion and selflessness serve as the two strengths one can achieve to be capable to have and live by the ultimate truth. The aspect of tradition and the origins ofShow MoreRelatedBhagavad Gita Analysis943 Words   |  4 PagesBhagavad Gita The author Stephen Mitchell reflects on a scripture titled â€Å"Bhagavad Gita†. This scripture is a new translation based on ancient Hinduism. Throughout the scripture, it explains the teachings that can be used in an everyday life situation. Its diverse audience can learn how to face different dilemmas, and how to live in this world with happiness and peacefulness by doings ones’ duties. It also helps the audience understand the true purpose of life. For those who go through the battlesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bhagavad Gita The Two Selves Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesEthic in the Bhagavad Gita: The Two â€Å"Selves† Coming from Mahabharata, the ancient Indian epic, Bhagavad Gita is the conversation between Krishna and Arjuna, as Arjuna is hesitatant about the fighting in a war where hundreds and thousands people would die. His enemies are also his brothers and teachers. Krishna explains to him about the reasons why the war is necessary. The ideas that are taught by Krishna provides a very different point of views on ethics, unlike the Yoga set forth by Patanjali,Read MoreAn Analysis of the Central Themes of the Bhagavad Gita and Its Influence on Significant Historical Figures and Literature.1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of the Central Themes of The Bhagavad Gita and its Influence on Significant Historical Figures and Literature. Gavin McClung â€Å"You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself ‘I have lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along.’ You must do the thing you think you cannot do.† -Eleanor Roosevelt The Bhagavad Gita has been estimated to have been in existence sinceRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : The Hero Of The Indian Independence Struggle1723 Words   |  7 Pagesessential concept of the Bhagavad Gita’s teachings. His later life style exemplifies the water-droplet on a lotus petal - the theme of detachment. Despite being actively involved in the Indian independence movements, Mahatma Gandhi spent much of his time devoted to interpreting the Mahabharata, and the Gita specifically took his interest. He translated the Gita into Gujarati. In his translation he states: â€Å"My thirty-eight years of practice are behind this effort of translating the Gita, and I wish thereforeRead Moreâ€Å"Linking the Learnings of Bhagavad-Gita with Corporate Human Resource Management Practices†4227 Words   |  17 PagesTitle â€Å"Linking the Learning’s of Bhagavad-Gita with Corporate Human Resource Management Practices† Author Nishant Saxena Assistant Professor-HR Disha Institute of Management and Technology, Raipur Abstract: It is widely acknowledged that religion has a powerful influence over the human behavior. Human beings carry these learning’s to organizations, may be, in a dormant fashion. All religions have put forth basic guiding principles and tenets for mankind to follow. An interestingRead MoreA Comparsion of the Bhagavad Gita vs The Gospels Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesstand up next to the Gospels is the Bhagavad-Gita (or just the Gita). These two texts can depict similarities and differences between the two cultures presented: Christianity and Hinduism. Keeping an open mind when reading cultural texts is what makes the texts more interesting and informs the reader more clearly. The analysis between one western text and one non-western text can really widen the perspective of one person. Due to the fact that Krishna from the Gita seems to be very similar in many aspectsRead MoreThe Priest Walchelin And The Hellequin s Hunt2000 Words   |  8 PagesWhile Phaedrus, the Bhagavad Gita, Epicurus’ Letters to Menoeceus, and the story of â€Å"The Priest Walchelin and the Hellequin’s Hunt† all offer slightly different theories on what happens after death, they all agree that the death of the body is inevitable. However, the texts fail to give explicit instruction on how mortals should best live their life so as to be best situated for existence after death. Identifying how the texts instruct people to live life in a way that’s meaningful despite its temporaryRead MoreThe Radical Enlightenment Hated Everything That Was Religion1876 Words   |  8 PagesSchleiermacher and Hagel in the end were harmful to Christianity. Although Schleiermacher and Hegel were influenced by the Enlightenment in their critique of revelation and dogma, they were both influenced by Kant and Spinoza, they each had a different analysis and interpretation of religion. Schleiermacher begins to father a new understanding of religion. To understand Schleiermacher, you h ave to understand his liberal theology. Schleiermacher wants to keep religion, not let it go the way the EnlightenmentRead MoreEssay Religion in End of Life Care2337 Words   |  10 Pageshave various religious leaders on call if a patient were to request them. They also have places of worship available to serve as a sanctuary for patients. These places are equipped with sacred texts from different religions such as the Koran, the Bhagavad Gita and the Holy Bible. As described in the article, â€Å"Sacred spaces in public places: religious and spiritual plurality in health care†, â€Å"These spaces evoked a feeling of sacredness of space and time – a sense of transcendence, immanence or connectednessRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana887 Words   |  4 Pagesdharma and insisted that he must complete the duration of his exile. Ergo, the divine and holy Ramayana has established and elaborated Hindu principals, also spiritual beliefs kindling avid devotees, spreading Hin duism while praising it. In the final analysis, a myriad of humans belief that the Ramayana has influenced religion, perspectives, thoughts, humanity, and life s elements, a paramount source of wisdom applicable to anyone. Its very creation established a new front in human creativity, integrity

Why Aliens Are Real Free Essays

All around the world, there’s one topic a lot of people talk about. Some people talk about economics, some talk about pop culture. The topic I’m going to be addressing is why I think Aliens are real. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Aliens Are Real or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout time, there has been many things that make us believe they are real, like the Roswell Incident. A quick recap of what happened was that what is thought to be a UFO crashed near a ranch in Roswell, New Mexico. The U. S. overnment then took the UFO and told everyone that what the rash was Just debris from the crash of an experimental high-altitude surveillance balloon belonging to what was then a classified (top secret) program named Mogul. This may seem unlikely and unrealistic, as if coming from a movie, but that is because this inspired many alien movies to prop up. This might be one of or maybe the most famous alien incidents ever reported, but there is a more believable one and that is â€Å"The Wow Signal†. In 1977, The Big Ear radio telescope in Ohio State University picked up an unusual signal. The Big Ear used number and letters to identify the strength of a signal, O being nothing, Z being a strong radio signal. One time, a signal came in reading ‘6EQUJ5’ from what seemed to be an empty spot in space. Dr. Jerry R. Ehman recognized this and was completely shocked, so he circled the signal in the data sheet and wrote next to it â€Å"Wow! â€Å", giving the signal it’s name. The closest star to where the signal came from was 220 million light years away, meaning the signal came from out of no where. It is believed that this signal was ransmitted by aliens, but we still have no actual proof it is. Now, the bible does say we are the only planet with living beings, but think about this, how big is space? We have no clue of how big it is because it is that big. Being that big, wouldn’t there be a possibility that there is a world that has living beings in it? What if the society on that planet is more advanced in technology than ours and the reason they were able to send the signal was because of a super strong radio signal they aimed at us from some machine they made? at possibility is there and i honestly believe that is the truth. I feel like we are aliens to them and they are trying to communicate with us. Space is so enormous, we can’t make decisions of what is out there yet. It is like reading the beginning of a novel and declaring you know exactly what the story is about without reading it. We still have a lot to explore about space, so until we examine every si ngle star, moon, planet, galaxy, anything that is out there, you cant say aliens don’t exist because they very well could. How to cite Why Aliens Are Real, Papers

Nitrate Contamination Of Groundwater Poses A Serious Health Threat Nit Essay Example For Students

Nitrate Contamination Of Groundwater Poses A Serious Health Threat Nit Essay Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater Poses a Serious Health ThreatNitrates contamination of the worlds underground water supply poses as a potentially serious health hazard to the human inhabitants on earth. High nitrate levels found in well water has been proven to be the cause for numerous health conditions across the globe. If we intend to provide for the future survival of man, and life on planet earth, we must take action now to assure the quality of one of our most precious resources, our underground water supply.Ground water can be defined as the water stored in the open spaces within underground rocks and unconsolidated material (Monroe and Wicander 420). Ground water is one of the numerous parts that make up the hydrologic cycle. The primary source of water in underground aquifers is precipitation that infiltrates the ground and moves through the soil and pore spaces of rocks (Monroe and Wicander 420). There are also other sources that add water to the underground aquifer that include: water infiltrating from lakes and streams, recharge ponds, and wastewater treatment systems. As groundwater moves through the soil, sediment, and rocks, many of its impurities are filtered out. Take note, however, that some, not all, soils and rocks are good filters. Some are better than others and in some cases, serious pollutants are not removed from the water before it reaches the underground supply.Now that we have a good working definition of what groundwater is, and where it comes from, just how important is it? Groundwater makes up about 22% of the worlds supply of fresh water. Right now, groundwater accounts for 20% of all the water used annually in the United States. On a national average, a little more than 65% of the groundwater in the United States each year goes to irrigation, with industrial use second, and third is domestic use (Monroe and Wicander 420). Some states are more dependent on groundwater for drinking than others. Nebraska and the corn belt states rely on underground water for 85% of their drinking needs, and in Florida 90% of all drinking water comes from underground aquifers (Funk and Wagnall 2). People on the average in the United States require more than 50 gallons of water each day for personal and household uses. These include drinking, washing, preparing meals and removing waste. A bath in a bathtub uses approximately 25 gallons of water and a shower uses about l5 gallons per minute of water flow while the shower runs. Just to sustain human tissue requires about 2.5 quarts of water per day. Most people drink about a quart of water per day, getting the rest of the water they need from food content. Most of the foods we eat are comprised mostly of water: for example, eggs, are about 74% water, watermelon 92%, and a piece of lean meat about 70%. Most of the beverages we drink are also mostly comprised of water, like milk, coffee, tea and soft drinks. And the single largest consumer of water in the United States, is agriculture. In dry areas, farmers must irrigate their lands to grow crops. It is estimated that in the United States, more than 100 billion gallons of fresh water are used each day for the irrigation of croplands (Funk and Wagnall 2). Since agriculture is the leading user of our groundwater, perhaps it is fitting, that it is also the biggest contributor of contaminating nitrates that work into our water supply each year. Agriculture and livestock production account for 80% of all nitrogen added to the environment ( Terry, et al. 1996). .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b , .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .postImageUrl , .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b , .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:hover , .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:visited , .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:active { border:0!important; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:active , .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34321372dc1dee46cb91b56a8702349b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physician Assisted Suicide EssayIndustrial fertilizers make up 53%, animal manure 27%, atmosphere 14%, and point source 6% (Puckett, 1994). Just how do these nitrates get from the field into our water supply? There are two primary reasons that nitrate contaminates reach our underground water supply and make it unsafe. Number one reason is farmers bad habits of consistently over- fertilizing and applying too much nitrogen to the soil. In 1995 Americas agricultural producers added 36 billion pounds of nitrogen into the environment, 23 billion pounds of supplemental industrial nitrogen, and 13 billion pounds of extra nitrogen in the form of animal manure. Twenty percent of this nitrogen was not used by the crops it was intended. This accounts for about 7-8 billion pounds of excess nitrogen remaining in the environment where much of it has eventually entered the reservoirs, rivers, and groundwater that supply us with our drinking water (NAS 1995). The number two reason these contaminants reach our groundwater supply runs parallel with the first. Over-irrigation causes the leaching of these nitrates past the plants root zone where they can be taken in by crops and used effectively. Not all soils are the same and all have different drainage characteristics. Soils with as higher amount of sand and gravel are going to filter liquids down to the aquifer faster than soils comprised of more silty finer sorted particles. Todays farmers not only need to know when it is time to irrigate, they also need to know how much and for how long. When the two problems are added together, over-fertilization, and over-irrigation, the potential for harmful nitrate contamination runs terrifyingly high. Just how harmful are nitrates in our drinking water? Nitrates levels that exceed the Federal standard level of 10 parts per million can cause a condition known as Methemoglobinemia, or Blue Baby Syndrome in infants. Symptoms of Methemoglobinemia include anoxic appearance, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and in more extreme cases, loss of consciousness and even death. Approximately seven to ten percent of Blue Baby Syndrome cases result in death of the infant (HAS 1977, Johnson et al. 1987). When nitrate is ingested it is converted into another chemical form, nitrate. Nitrate then reacts with hemoglobin, the proteins responsible for transporting oxygen in the body, converting them to methemoglobin, a form that is incapable of carrying oxygen. As a result, the victim suffers from oxygen deprivation, or more commonly stated, the individual slowly suffocates (HAS 1977, Johnson et al. 1987). Although, Methemoglobinemia is the most immediate life-threatening effect of nitrate exposure, there are a number of equally serious longer-term, chronic impacts. In numerous studies, exposure to high levels of nitrate in drinking water has been linked to a variety of effects ranging from hypertrophy (enlargement of the thyroid) to 15 types of cancer, two kinds of birth defects, and even hypertension (Mirvish 1991). Since 1976 there have been at least 8 different epidemeology studies conducted in 11 different countries that show a definite relationship between increasing rates of stomach cancer and increasing nitrate intake (Hartmann, 1983; Mirvish 1983). The facts speak for themselves, increasing levels of nitrates in our groundwater are slowly poisoning our society. We have only discussed contamination of our groundwater supply by nitrates through the misuse of resources involved in agriculture. Be aware that there are hundreds of other substances and practices that add to the further contamination of our groundwater every day. Time does not allow for an in-depth analysis of all aquifer contaminates in this paper, however, I would like to mention a few that are at the top of the list just briefly. Storm water runoff. Streets and parking lots contain many pollutants including oils, greases, heavy metals and coliform, that can enter groundwater directly through sinkholes and drainage wells. Pesticides and herbicides can end up in the water supply much the same way as do nitrates. Septic tanks that are improperly or poorly maintained, can contaminate groundwater. Underground storage tanks, hazardous wastesites, landfills, abandoned wells, accidents and illegal dumping all threaten the quality of our drinking water. .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 , .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .postImageUrl , .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 , .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:hover , .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:visited , .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:active { border:0!important; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:active , .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5 .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5a638d4a223c0f1a69be6f12d814fa5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None Provided47 Essay We must be aware of the potential hazards and take measures to ensure the safety of our drinking water supply for generations to come. What can we do to prevent unnecessary contamination of our groundwater? Farmers will and must continue to use nitrogen fertilizer. They do not, however, need to overuse it. By following a few simple guidelines, such as accounting for all sources of nitrogen in the system, refining estimates of crop nitrogen requirements, synchronizing application of nitrogen with crop needs, using nitrogen soil tests, and practicing good water management, farmers can not only help keep our aquifers safe from contamination, but can prob ably enjoy the same yields as before and spend less money on fertilizer, thus increasing their net profits, (Halberg et al. 1991, Iowa State University 1993). How about the rest of us? What can we do to help drinking water safe? There are many hazardous substances around the house that frequently need disposal. Please dont dump them on the ground, pour them down the drain, and always use fertilizers and chemicals in moderation. Take proper care and maintenance of your septic system at all times. Finally, when in doubt, ask. Many areas have local Amnesty Days. For information or to request an Amnesty Day, call your local public works department.Nitrate contamination poses a serious health threat to all of us. Each of us uses a little more than 50 gallons of fresh water every day. When all our fresh water is contaminated beyond use, our world will not be a pleasant environment to live in. We must all act now to maintain a fresh water system that will be capable of sustaining us, and many generations into the future.